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How to Adjust Images for Color-Blind Viewers

Keep image meaning clear without relying on color alone: add labels or patterns, check contrast, preview simulations, and describe informative visuals in text.

By ThatPainter Team 2 min read

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To make an image easier for color-blind viewers to understand, don’t make color the only way to tell things apart. Pair colors with labels, shapes, patterns, line styles, or other cues; check light-dark contrast; and preview the finished image in grayscale and color-vision simulations. For charts and diagrams, also provide a text alternative that explains the information.

Find where color carries meaning

Review the image for any place where color communicates a status, category, direction, selection, or error. A red and green pair, for example, may distinguish two results. Ask whether someone viewing the image without its colors could still understand the same information. If not, add another visual cue.

This applies to paintings and illustrations as well as charts, maps, diagrams, and interface graphics. Decorative color does not need to encode information; the concern is color that viewers must interpret to understand the image.

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Add a second way to distinguish information

WCAG 2.2 Success Criterion 1.4.1 states: β€œColor is not used as the only visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.” In practice, preserve the meaning with one or more additional cues:

  • Labels or values: name a category directly or put a number beside a mark.
  • Shapes or icons: use different point shapes or symbols for different series or states.
  • Line styles and weight: combine solid, dashed, and dotted lines, or vary thickness where appropriate.
  • Patterns, textures, or borders: distinguish regions with hatching, texture, outlines, or other visible treatments.
  • A clear legend: explain the cues, while keeping labels near the relevant marks where possible.

These cues preserve distinctions even when two colors look similar to a viewer. Simply changing the palette may help, but it does not guarantee that every important distinction remains clear.

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Check light-dark contrast, not just hue

Two colors can be different in hue yet close in lightness. That makes them harder to distinguish when color perception differs, and can also weaken text against its background. Check the relative luminance contrast of text and images of text rather than relying on saturation or a visual impression of the hues.

WCAG 2.1 Success Criterion 1.4.3 sets contrast-ratio targets of 4.5:1 for normal text and images of text and 3:1 for large text. These are text-contrast requirements, not a universal ratio for every colored shape or image element. For non-text distinctions, use redundant cues and make the marks visually clear against their surroundings.

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Preview the image in grayscale and simulations

  1. View it in grayscale. Check whether categories, edges, and emphasis still separate through light-dark differences and added cues.
  2. Use color-vision simulations. When available, preview protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia. U.S. Digital.gov advises designers to β€œTest what it’s like to view your designs through a color blindness simulator.”
  3. Review the original and simulated versions. Confirm that labels, patterns, line styles, and other cues remain legible and do not obscure the image.

Grayscale and simulations are useful design checks, not proof that every viewer will perceive an image in the same way. The strongest safeguard is to avoid relying on color alone.

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Provide a text alternative for informative images

Visual adjustments do not replace text alternatives. For a chart, diagram, or other informative image, provide meaningful alt text or an equivalent textual description. Explain the relationships, categories, or values that color represents; saying only which colors appear does not convey the information. A longer or more complex image may need a fuller description beyond brief alt text.

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