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Aseprite

How to Make Pixel Art: A Beginner’s Step-by-Step Guide

Make a first pixel-art sprite by starting small, shaping the silhouette before details, choosing colors deliberately, and exporting a file suited to its use.

By ThatPainter Team 3 min read
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To make pixel art, draw a clear shape on a small digital canvas, build it from large forms to small details, and use a deliberate color palette. Start with a still sprite before trying animation: the same basic workflow works for an icon, a game character, or a small illustration.

1. Decide what you are drawing and where it will be used

Choose a simple subject—such as a fruit, a tiny character, or a house—and decide whether it is a standalone image, a game sprite, or part of an animation. Its intended use helps determine the canvas dimensions and whether you need frames. There is no single canvas size required for pixel art.

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2. Set up a small canvas

For a first exercise, try a 16×16-pixel canvas. That is a manageable space for learning how a few pixels define a shape, not a universal standard: Microsoft MakeCode Arcade’s beginner sprite activity uses 16×16 as its default and allows it to be changed to 32×32. See the MakeCode Arcade sprite activity.

In an editor, zoom in so you can place individual pixels accurately. Aseprite’s workflow documentation covers creating a sprite, drawing with the Pencil tool, zooming, and editing with selections.

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3. Draw the silhouette before the details

  1. Block in the outside shape. Use the Pencil tool to establish the subject’s outline. At this stage, aim for a recognizable overall shape rather than polish.
  2. Add the largest internal forms. Separate major parts—such as a body and its face, or a roof and a wall—before adding texture or tiny features.
  3. Check the image at normal size. Zoom out regularly. If the subject is hard to identify when viewed at its intended display size, simplify or adjust the silhouette before adding more detail.
  4. Refine only pixels that improve readability. Use selections, layers, or saved versions when they help you revise the image without losing earlier work.

4. Choose colors and a color mode

Begin with a small, intentional set of colors: enough to distinguish the subject’s main parts from one another and from the background. Add colors when they clarify form or improve readability, rather than filling the canvas with unrelated shades.

In Aseprite, RGB and indexed color handle color differently. RGB gives pixels independent color values. In indexed mode, each pixel refers to a palette entry, so changing that entry updates every pixel that uses it. Indexed mode can be useful when you want consistent, palette-wide edits; RGB is a straightforward choice for a simple first still image. Aseprite explains its color modes here.

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Aseprite’s documentation describes indexed palettes of up to 256 colors, and its color-bar tutorial warns that palettes with more than 256 entries will not load correctly. That is a software limit, not a recommended number of colors for your artwork. The color-bar tutorial also explains palette entries and color picking.

5. Save an editable project and export the right file

Keep the editable source before exporting. In Aseprite, the .aseprite project format preserves image information such as layers and frames. Export a copy in a format suited to its destination:

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  • PNG: a still image.
  • GIF: an animated image.
  • PNG sprite sheet: a sheet of sprite frames when that is what the game or workflow needs.

These formats and the save-and-export workflow are described in Aseprite’s workflow documentation.

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6. Add animation only if the image needs to move

Animation is optional; a still sprite needs only one image. In Aseprite, an animated sprite is built from frames: draw an initial frame, add and edit subsequent frames, preview playback, and tag frame ranges to identify sequences. Onion skinning and the preview window can help you compare frames and inspect motion. See Aseprite’s animation documentation for the frame workflow.

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