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Five carbonized loaves unearthed in 2023 at Topraktepe, the site of ancient Eirenepolis in Karaman, Türkiye, date to the seventh or eighth century CE. One bears a rare image described as Christ the Sower or Farmer Jesus, alongside a Greek dedication to Jesus; four others carry Maltese-cross impressions. Their precise purpose has not been established.
What archaeologists found
The loaves were recovered during excavations at Topraktepe in 2023. Reports describe them as carbonized barley bread, preserved with their shapes and stamped details intact. The phrase “1,300 years old” is a rounded description of the reported seventh-to-eighth-century date, not a precise dating result. Hürriyet Daily News and Türkiye Today report the discovery.
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- Four other loaves: Maltese-cross impressions.
Not every loaf bears the figure of Jesus. The unusual image appears on one; the other four are described as carrying cross impressions.
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What the image and inscription say
The figure is described in reports as Christ the Sower or Farmer Jesus, a depiction associated with sowing. The inscription is Greek, but its English translation varies among reports. Hürriyet Daily News renders it “With gratitude to Holy Jesus,” while Türkiye Today gives “With our gratitude to Blessed Jesus.” Arkeonews uses “With Gratitude to Blessed Jesus.” These are reported translations, not a single independently established English wording.
Were the loaves used in Christian rites?
They may have had a ritual or communion connection, but the available reporting does not prove that they were Eucharistic bread or establish how they were used. Türkiye Today attributes its account to the Karaman Governorship and says interdisciplinary analyses were ongoing to clarify their function.
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A different possibility was proposed by chemist Mustafa Cengiz Özduygulu, director of the Ankara Regional Laboratory for Restoration and Conservation. He said breads found discarded in grain silos “may have been used for talismanic purposes,” perhaps to encourage abundance or protect against the evil eye or natural damage. This is his interpretation, not a settled explanation for the five loaves.
Why carbonization mattered
The bread survived in a carbonized state, retaining form and surface impressions that can be examined. Restorer-conservator İlknur Elyıldırım said the fragments initially arrived with surrounding soil and while still moist. According to Hürriyet Daily News, the excavation area was first thought to be a bakery and later identified as a granary. The conservation team preserved the bread in its own moisture, made periodic checks, and developed treatment methods over nearly two years. Özduygulu said analyses were conducted at the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority.
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Conservation and public display
Conservation and restoration were reported complete in Ankara in February 2026 after a two-year effort. The report said display was expected soon, but the sources cited here do not establish where the loaves are currently on public view. Türkiye Today reports that work at the site is permitted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’s General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums, with the Karaman Museum leading the excavation.
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