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Hijaiyah letters are the Arabic letters beginners learn to recognize, pronounce, and write. A practical starting route is to learn the individual letter names and shapes, listen and repeat their sounds, practise writing the independent forms, and then move on to how letters join in words. The Open University’s introductory Arabic lesson presents a 28-letter alphabet; Quran-reading courses may add reading marks and other conventions as later lessons.
What are Hijaiyah letters?
“Hijaiyah” is a common name for the Arabic letters taught as the foundation for Arabic or Quranic reading. The Open University’s OpenLearn Introduction to Arabic, Arabic alphabet lesson presents 28 letters, with their names, Arabic forms, transliteration, and audio practice. This is a useful basic set for beginners, not a claim that every teaching tradition uses an identical sequence or that the letters alone cover every Quran-reading sign.
Letter names, written shapes, and sounds are related but distinct things to learn. A learner should be able to recognize a form, say or identify its name, and connect it with the sound heard in practice.
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A practical order for learning the letters
Use this as a manageable learning route rather than a universally required curriculum. The Open University lesson recommends writing independent letters before moving to joined letters, while the Philippine Department of Education activity sheet emphasizes letter sounds and matching sounds to forms.
- Recognize and name the individual letters. Work through the basic set and connect each name to its Arabic form.
- Listen and repeat. Use audio where available, listening closely and repeating each sound. Transliteration can help as a prompt, but it cannot replace listening.
- Write the independent forms. Practise forming individual letters before tackling the additional challenge of connected writing. The Open University says, “Before you move to joining letters in the next section, learning to write independent letters is highly recommended.”
- Match sound and form. Practise identifying a written letter from its sound and identifying its sound from the written form.
- Move on to joined letters and words. Learn how letters connect in words once individual forms are familiar.
The Philippine Department of Education’s “Pronunciation of the Arabic Alphabet” activity sheet, published August 24, 2022, is a kindergarten resource that targets giving each letter’s sound and matching sound to form. It provides a concrete example of sound-and-shape practice, not a complete curriculum for every learner.
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Arabic literacy and Quran reading are related, but not identical goals
If your aim is general Arabic literacy, look for instruction that builds letter recognition, pronunciation, writing, and reading connected forms. If your aim is Quran reading, the material may also teach the marks and conventions needed to read Quranic text. These goals overlap at the alphabet stage, but a Quran-reading curriculum is not automatically a general Arabic-language course.
Example: Qatar’s Quran-reading lesson sequence
The Qatar Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs describes an 18-lesson resource for learning Quran reading. Its introduction groups lessons 1–6 around vowelled letters, lessons 7–12 around non-vowelled letters, and lessons 13–18 around doubled letters. It also describes three approaches, translated from the Arabic as “the method of spelling with the tongue,” “the method of spelling by sight,” and “the method of direct reading.” This is the structure of that ministry resource, not a universal order for learning Hijaiyah.
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The ministry’s Lesson 1 page, “Individual Arabic letters,” states objectives of learning letter names and forms and correcting pronunciation. Its introduction to the lessons describes the full 18-lesson progression. The lesson structure and objectives are supported by extracts from the official ministry pages; the pages were not directly accessible for review.
What to look for in a learning resource
Choose materials to suit your goal and the kind of practice you need. The cited education resources include different activities; they do not establish one as better than another.
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- For recognition: Does it show letter names alongside the Arabic forms?
- For pronunciation: Does it include audio you can listen to and repeat, rather than relying only on transliteration?
- For sound-to-form practice: Does it ask you to connect a sound with the corresponding written letter?
- For handwriting: Does it offer opportunities to practise independent forms before connected writing?
- For Quran reading: Does it go beyond the letters to teach the relevant vowel marks and other reading conventions?
A practice workbook or printable activity sheets can be useful for handwriting and sound-to-form drills, but they are optional. The Open University lesson includes writing and matching activities, and the Philippine Department of Education lists an activity sheet for pronunciation and sound/form matching.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What comes after the basic letters?
Knowing the 28-letter set is a foundation, not the whole of reading. In Quran-reading instruction, the Qatar ministry’s sequence goes on to address vowel marks, non-vowelled letters, and doubled letters; its introduction also refers to lengthening and stillness. Which conventions you need next depends on whether you are learning Arabic more broadly or following a Quran-reading course.
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