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i-TTL is Nikon’s automatic flash-exposure system; E-TTL II is Canon’s. Both use information measured through the camera’s lens to control a compatible flash, but they are separate systems—not universal labels for interchangeable equipment. The title’s “ITTL” and “Ettl” are casual spellings; manufacturers style the names i-TTL and E-TTL II.
What do TTL, i-TTL and E-TTL II mean?
TTL means “through the lens”: the camera uses exposure information measured through the lens to help determine flash output. Nikon and Canon each implement automatic TTL flash control in their own camera systems. Nikon calls its system i-TTL, while Canon documents E-TTL II as an autoflash exposure system.
Canon describes E-TTL II as using evaluative flash metering with a preflash, and also documents average metering as an option. “Evaluative TTL” is therefore not a safe substitute for the system name: E-TTL II is Canon’s system, not simply a generic metering mode. See the Canon EOS-1D Mark III Instruction Manual, Flash Photography.
How do Canon E-TTL II and Nikon i-TTL differ?
| Comparison | Canon E-TTL II | Nikon i-TTL |
|---|---|---|
| Camera ecosystem | Canon EOS cameras with compatible flash equipment. | Nikon cameras whose specifications list i-TTL flash control. |
| Documented metering example | Evaluative flash metering with preflash; the cited Canon manual also describes average metering as an option. | On the cited Nikon Z5II, i-TTL balanced fill-flash is used with matrix, center-weighted and highlight-weighted metering; standard i-TTL fill-flash is used with spot metering. |
| Documented controls | The cited Canon manual documents flash exposure compensation, flash exposure lock, high-speed sync and wireless autoflash with compatible equipment. | Nikon lists i-TTL and flash compensation in the Z5II specifications. Check the specific body and flash manuals for other controls. |
The Nikon metering behavior above is a documented Z5II example, not a rule for every Nikon camera. Likewise, Canon feature support depends on the camera and flash combination. Consult the Nikon Z5II specifications and the manuals for the exact equipment you use.
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Will an i-TTL flash work with a Canon camera, or vice versa?
Do not assume so. A flash may physically attach or fire without supporting the camera brand’s automatic metering and communication. The cited manufacturer references do not establish a universal cross-brand compatibility rule, so behavior depends on the particular camera and flash pairing. In particular, do not assume that automatic exposure, flash exposure compensation, wireless control or high-speed sync will work across brands.
Choosing a flash for a Canon camera
Look for a Canon Speedlite explicitly compatible with your exact EOS body and E-TTL II. Confirm the combination and supported features in the camera and flash manuals.
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Look for a Nikon Speedlight that supports i-TTL with your exact camera body. Check the body and flash manuals for supported modes and functions rather than relying on the i-TTL label alone.
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