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DIY art

Magnet Drawing Machine: How It Works and How to Build One

A magnet drawing machine moves a hidden magnet beneath a surface to pull a follower above it. Learn how to choose the drawing medium, surface, magnet, and movement system.

By ThatPainter Team 4 min read
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A magnet drawing machine uses a moving magnet hidden beneath a drawing surface to pull a visible follower above it. The follower—such as a steel ball or pen carriage—makes marks in sand, on paper, or on another suitable medium. You can build a simple hand-moved version without electronics, or add a motor and controls for repeatable patterns.

How a magnet drawing machine works

The machine has two layers: a drive magnet moves under a thin, flat surface, while magnetic attraction couples it to a follower on top. Moving the drive magnet moves the follower, which records the path in the chosen medium. The result depends on the magnetic coupling as well as the follower’s weight, friction, the surface gap, and movement speed.

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For an overview of the mechanism and build options, see the Position is Everything Team’s magnet drawing machine guide. For a documented sand plotter, see Arnau Mussons Argemí’s project documentation.

Choose the drawing medium and follower together

Sand and other loose media

A steel ball can be pulled through fine sand to leave a visible groove. A documented CNC sand plotter uses an XY mechanism below a 3D-printed table to move a metal ball through the sand. Its creator describes two stepper motors, gears and rails, an ESP32 controller, and an Android app communicating over USB serial. The project page also links to its files and code; it is a documented maker build, not evidence of a ready-made retail machine.

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Paper and continuous lines

For lines on paper or another mark-making surface, a lightweight pen carriage is a more suitable follower than a steel ball. The carriage must remain coupled to the hidden magnet while moving freely enough to draw. The specific pen, carriage, and surface arrangement depends on the build.

Choose a movement system

Movement system What it offers Main trade-off
Manual movement Move the drive magnet by hand or with a simple crank; useful for a mechanically simple build. Patterns depend on how the operator moves the magnet, so repetition and precise control are limited.
Motorized rotating arm Repeatable circular movement can create loops and rosettes. More mechanical complexity than moving a magnet by hand; movement is constrained by the arm’s path.
XY carriage Rails and a controller can move the magnet along programmed coordinates for controlled geometric designs. Requires a more involved mechanical and electronic build. A sand plotter project documents this approach.

A magnetometer-based project is a different kind of magnetic drawing: in Arduino Blog’s March 21, 2017 article, Charlotte Dann (Charbytes) used magnets in her fingers over a magnetometer connected to an Arduino Uno. A computer processed the serial sensor data into graphics on screen. That senses magnetic movement and draws digitally; it does not pull a physical follower across paper or sand. See the Arduino Blog project article.

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What surface should go between the magnet and drawing tool?

Use a thin, smooth, nonmagnetic surface so the drive magnet’s field can reach the follower, and keep the structure stiff enough to stay flat. The build guide names acrylic, plywood, foam board, cardboard, and plastic as possibilities; suitability depends on thickness, flatness, and the strength of the magnetic coupling in your particular setup.

What kind of magnets work best?

The cited build guide identifies neodymium magnets as a common choice for small machines. There is no universal best size or strength: match the magnet and the gap to the follower, surface, and movement. Suggested dimensions or clearances in an individual guide are starting points for that design, not general engineering limits. A heavier follower, greater friction, faster movement, or a larger gap can make tracking less reliable.

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How to build and tune a simple machine

  1. Pick the mark and follower. Use a steel ball for a groove in sand or a lightweight pen carriage for lines.
  2. Choose a flat, nonmagnetic surface. Keep it as thin as your structure and drawing medium allow while preserving a stiff, flat work area.
  3. Set the drive magnet below the surface. Choose a magnet that couples to the follower across the actual gap; do not assume one magnet specification suits every machine.
  4. Start with slow, simple movement. A hand-moved magnet lets you assess tracking before adding a crank, motor, or coordinate-control system.
  5. Adjust one variable at a time. If the follower stops keeping up, reduce speed or friction, lighten the follower, or bring the drive magnet closer. These are adjustments suggested by the build guide, not guaranteed fixes for every design.
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Is a magnet drawing machine the same as a magnetic drawing board?

No. A machine uses a moving magnet below a surface to pull a separate follower across the top, where it makes a physical drawing. A magnetic drawing board toy uses a different mechanism. Mattel’s product record for Magna Doodle Original identifies product 31346 as released in 1998 and discontinued in 2004; it describes a magnetic pen, six shape stampers, and a sliding eraser, and says replacement parts are unavailable. See Mattel’s product record.

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